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History of insurance: Medieval era
History of insurance. Medieval era. Sea loans or foenus nauticum were common before the traditional marine insurance in the medieval times, in which investor lend his money to a travelling merchant, and merchant will be liable to pay back if the ship returns safely, providing credit and sea insurance at the same time. The rate of interest for sea loans was high to compensate higher risk involved. Hence, in sea loans merchants have to pay the interest charges to the lenders for bearing the sea risk rather than profit sharing, as it was the case in sedentary-travelling merchant relationship. Therefore, due the usury involvement in the transaction, in 1236 the Pope Gregory IX condemned this practice in his decretal Naviganti (Roover, 1945, p. 175; See also Kingston, 2011). The commenda contracts were introduced when Pope Gregory IX condemned the sea loans because of usury. Capitalist provide funds to entrepreneur to carry out trade on partnership, sharing the profit but both sea and c...
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History of insurance: Ancient world
History of insurance. Ancient world. Initially people used to sell goods in their own villages and gathering society. However, with the passage of time, they turned to nearby villages to sell. Furthermore, in the thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries, the European traders used to travel to sell their goods across the globe and to hedge the risk of theft or fraud by the Capitan or crew also known as Risicum Gentium. However, they realized that selling this way, involves not only the risk of loss (i.e. damaged, theft or life of trader as well) but also they cannot cover the wider market. Therefore, the trend of hiring commissioned base agents across different markets emerged. The traders sent (export) their goods to the agents who on the behalf of traders sold them. Sending goods to the agents by road or sea involves different risks i.e. sea storms, pirate attack; goods may be damaged due to poor handling while loading and unloading, etc. Traders exploited different measures to he...
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How and why are insurance classified?
How and why are insurance classified? The classification of insurance allows to establish differences and similarities of forms and types of insurance, to reduce them to a certain number of groups and thus facilitate their study and practical use. The classification of insurance divides the whole set of insurance relationships into interdependent links (in the sphere of activity, industry, sub-sector and types) that are in each other in a certain subordination, in such a way that each subsequent link of the classification is part of the previous one. It is also important for understanding the internal structure of insurance, in developing methodological approaches to its assessment, as well as in its theoretical study. By objects of insurance Objects of insurance are the main feature of the classification of insurance: property insurance – a set of types of insurance, the object of which is the property of legal entities and individuals, for example, insurance of land transpo...
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Aircraft Owner's Liability Insurance
Air owner's liability insurance (including carrier's liability) Aircraft Owner's Liability Insurance (including Carrier's Liability) is a type of insurance under which the subject of the insurance contract are property interests not inconsistent with the law relating to compensation for damage caused by the Insured or another person whose civil liability is insured to life, health, working capacity, property of third parties, including owners of cargo and baggage (cargo), during operation of an aircraft and transportation or forwarding of cargo. This type of insurance provides for the Insurer's obligation to pay the insurance indemnity in accordance with the insurance policy for the payment (insurance premium, insurance payment, insurance premium) established by the insurance policy for the damage caused to life, health, working capacity and/or property of third parties by the person whose civil liability is insured as a result of an aviation event (aviation acc...
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Travel Insurance Tips
Travel Insurance Tips Travel insurance can minimize the considerable financial risks of traveling: accidents, illness, missed flights, canceled tours, lost baggage, theft, terrorism, travel-company bankruptcies, emergency evacuation, and getting your body home if you die. Each traveler’s potential loss varies, depending on how much of your trip is prepaid, the refund ability of the air ticket you purchased, your state of health, the value of your luggage, where you’re traveling, the financial health of your tour company and airline, and what coverage you already have (through your medical insurance, homeowners or renters insurance, and/or credit card). Do I Need Travel Insurance? When considering an insurance plan, it’s good to know what it does and doesn’t cover. For some travelers, insurance is a good deal; for others, it’s not. What are the chances you’ll need it? How willing are you to take risks? How much is peace of mind worth to you? Take these considerations into account, ...
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