Showing posts from September, 2018

History of insurance: Ancient world

History of insurance. Ancient world. Initially people used to sell goods in their own villages and gathering society. However, with the passage of time, they turned to nearby villages to sell. Furthermore, in the thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries, the European traders used to travel to sell their goods across the globe and to hedge the risk of theft or fraud by the Capitan or crew also known as Risicum Gentium. However, they realized that selling this way, involves not only the risk of loss (i.e. damaged, theft or life of trader as well) but also they cannot cover the wider market. Therefore, the trend of hiring commissioned base agents across different markets emerged. The traders sent (export) their goods to the agents who on the behalf of traders sold them. Sending goods to the agents by road or sea involves different risks i.e. sea storms, pirate attack; goods may be damaged due to poor handling while loading and unloading, etc. Traders exploited different measures to he...

Types of compulsory insurance

Types of compulsory insurance In Ukraine, the following types of compulsory insurance are carried out: health insurance; personal insurance of medical and pharmaceutical employees (except for those working in institutions and organizations financed from the State Budget of Ukraine) in case of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus during the performance of their official duties; personal insurance of departmental employees (except for those working in institutions and organizations financed from the State Budget of Ukraine) and rural fire brigades and members of voluntary fire brigades (teams); insurance of sportsmen of higher categories; life and health insurance of specialists in veterinary medicine; personal insurance against accidents in transport; aviation insurance of civil aviation; liability insurance of the maritime carrier and the performer of work related to the servicing of maritime transport, in respect of compensation for losses incurr...

How and why are insurance classified?

How and why are insurance classified? The classification of insurance allows to establish differences and similarities of forms and types of insurance, to reduce them to a certain number of groups and thus facilitate their study and practical use. The classification of insurance divides the whole set of insurance relationships into interdependent links (in the sphere of activity, industry, sub-sector and types) that are in each other in a certain subordination, in such a way that each subsequent link of the classification is part of the previous one. It is also important for understanding the internal structure of insurance, in developing methodological approaches to its assessment, as well as in its theoretical study. By objects of insurance Objects of insurance are the main feature of the classification of insurance: property insurance – a set of types of insurance, the object of which is the property of legal entities and individuals, for example, insurance of land transpo...

Insurance forms In insurance, two forms of realization of insurance relations are known: compulsory and voluntary. The criterion for such a division is the will of the parties. The will of the state through a special law stipulates the obligatory form of insurance, and the will of the policyholders through an application for insurance – voluntary. Consider these two forms in more detail. The initiator of compulsory insurance is the state. The state establishes a mandatory form of insurance, as a rule, in cases where: insurance protection of certain subjects is connected with the interests of not only individual policyholders, but also society as a whole; a certain group of risks is not accepted by insurers for insurance within its voluntary form due to the unprofitability of their insurance; the cost of voluntary insurance is too high for the policyholder; the policyholder underestimates the degree of danger and possible consequences of the insured event, and the publi...

What is insurance?

What is insurance? In simple words, insurance is a monetary compensation that is paid by an insurance company to a person or enterprise, organization or institution of losses from a certain event that is incidental, subject to the conclusion of an agreement with the insurance company. If to speak officially, then - in accordance with Article 1 of the Law of Ukraine "On Insurance" of March 7, 1996, № 85/96-ВР, insurance – a type of civil law relations to protect the property interests of individuals and legal entities in case of occurrence of certain events (insurance cases), determined insurance contract or current legislation, at the expense of money funds, which are formed by payment of insurance payments (insurance premiums) by individuals and legal entities and income from the placement of funds of these funds; - in accordance with Article 979 of the Civil Code of Ukraine (through the definition of an insurance contract), one party (the insurer) under the insurance ...